Table 1 Parameters of the system model

Flight range \(D\)

2 km

The ratio of the built-up area to the total land area \(\alpha_{bd}\)

0.3

The mean density of buildings per unit area \(\beta_{bd}\)

300

The average value of the buildings height distribution \(\sigma_{bd}\)

50

The flying height \(h\)

100 m

Flying speed \(V\)

10 m/s

The height of GBSs \(h_{bs}\)

25 m

The maximum directional gain of each individual antenna element \(G_{E,\max }\)

3 dBi

Front-back ratio \(A_{m}\)

30 dB

The half-power beamwidths \(\theta_{3dB}\) and \(\phi_{3dB}\)

65°

The limit of the side lobe level \(SLA_{V}\)

30 dB

The transmitted power of cell \(P_{m}\)

0.1 W

The carrier frequency \(f_{c}\)

2 GHz

Outage threshold \(\rho_{th}\)

0 dB