Table 3 Mean (SD) of nominal strain components in the stretching, transverse, and height directions at various height levels of cell models. The values in the upper and lower rows in the table were obtained from the upper cell model (height: 7 m in the unstretched state) and the lower cell model (height: 5.5 m in the unstretched state) in Figure 5, respectively. The substrate was deformed with strains of 15.1% in the stretching direction and % in the transverse direction. Extrapolated values for element nodes from integration-point values were averaged over each height range.

From: Three-Dimensional Morphometry of Single Endothelial Cells with Substrate Stretching and Image-Based Finite Element Modeling